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地中海荚蒾

地中海荚蒾在植物分类系统位置

被子植物  angiosperm

真双子叶植物  eudicots

川续断目  Dipsacales

荚蒾科  Viburnaceae

荚蒾属  Viburnum

地中海荚蒾  Viburnum tinus

（依据被子植物APG IV系统）

图片均由作者子丘拍摄

地中海荚蒾

去年4月的某个周末，我在东湖绿道骑行的时候，发现路边绿色的灌木丛中开出白色的花朵，便停下来仔细观察并拍照。近年3月的某天，我在光谷广场再次见到了这种名叫地中海荚蒾Viburnum tinus Linnaeus的常绿灌木。

地中海荚蒾原产地中海周围的西亚、北非和欧洲部分地区，能在我国南方安全越冬，不少城市将其作为绿化植物引进。

仔细观察会发现，地中海荚蒾在含苞待放时呈粉红色，盛开后花朵为白色，花期较长，之后结果为蓝黑色浆果。地中海荚蒾是聚伞花序，每朵小花像一个小喇叭，先端5裂，花冠仅0.5厘米左右；花柱很短，5枚雄蕊较长，伸出花冠。

地中海荚蒾的英语俗名为laurustinus，laurus即月桂属Laurus，指叶子与月桂树叶有相似处。日本引进后，将其称为“常盤莢迷”（トキワガマズミ），而花语是“恋爱的焦虑”（恋の焦り）。

由于能够在冬季开花，地中海荚蒾传入英国后便受到人们的喜爱，特别是用在城市美化中。苏格兰诗人James Montgomery (1771-1854) 写诗赞美道：“Fair tree of winter! Fresh and flowering when all around is dead and dry. Whose ruby buds, though storms are louring, Spread their white blossoms to the sky”。

1753年，近代植物分类学奠基人、瑞典博物学家林奈（Linnaeus）建立荚蒾属Viburnum，并对地中海荚蒾进行了科学描述和命名。在荚蒾属中，我国最知名的则是琼花V. keteleeri（2022年《中国生物物种名录》接受的学名），宋代诗人赞道：“蕃釐观里琼花树，天地中间第一花。”

拍摄地：武汉光谷广场

Wikipedia Encyclopedia

It is a shrub (rarely a small tree) reaching 2–7 m (7–23 ft) tall and 3 m (10 ft) broad, with a dense, rounded crown. The leaves are evergreen, persisting 2–3 years, ovate to elliptic, borne in opposite pairs, 4–10 cm long and 2–4 cm broad, with an entire margin.

The flowers are small, white or light pink, produced from reddish-pink buds in dense cymes 5–10 cm diameter in the winter. The fragrant flowers are bisexual and pentamerous. The flowering period is in winter, or from October to June in the northern hemisphere. The five petals are tubular, with rounded, rounded corolla lobes and pink in the bud, later white. There is only one circle with five stamens. Pollination is by insects. The fruit is a dark blue-black drupe 5–7 mm long. A 2020 study of the fruit's metallic blue hue revealed microscopic globules of fat to be the cause, an example of structural color, which is unusual in plants.

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